Ukhuwah and Mutual Assistance as Social and Spiritual Capital For Preventing Radicalism and Terrorism: A Systematic Literature Review From The Perspective of Islamic Psychology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59841/al-mustaqbal.v3i3.606Keywords:
Radicalization; Ukhuwah Islamiyah; Gotong Royong; Islamic Psychology; Deradicalization; Indonesia.Abstract
Radicalization and terrorism remain persistent threats to social cohesion in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim-majority nation, notwithstanding recent improvements reflected in the 2025 Global Terrorism Index. Community-based and faith-based prevention strategies have attracted growing scholarly attention as complements to hard security approaches. This study employs a systematic literature review, guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, to examine how ukhuwah Islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood) and gotong royong (mutual cooperation) function as social-spiritual capital capable of preventing radicalization, viewed through the lens of Islamic psychology. Forty sources published between 1954 and 2025 were analyzed thematically. Findings indicate that both constructs interrupt the earliest steps of Moghaddam's staircase model by reducing perceived injustice, strengthening multiple identity, and satisfying the conditions of intergroup contact associated with prejudice reduction. Islamic psychology reframes these cultural values as expressions of tawhid, ukhuwah, and communal spiritual wellbeing rather than mere sociological custom. The review concludes that integrating ukhuwah Islamiyah and gotong royong into community-based deradicalization programs offers a culturally grounded and theologically legitimate preventive framework for Indonesia and comparable Muslim-majority societies.
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